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The Economic Cost of Frontline Resistance to Apartheid 1980­1988 Table 1.1

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) LOSS
IN THE SADCC REGION
1980-88
($ million in 1988 prices)

1988 1980 - 1988
%of % of 1988
Country Loss Actual GDP Loss Actual GDP
ANGOLA 4,500 90 30,000 600
MOZAMBIQUE 3,000 110 15,000 550
ZIMBABWE 1,350 25 8,000 145
MALAWI 550 30 2,150 133
ZAMBIA 500 20 5,000 200
TANZANIA 500 10 1,300 26
BOTSWANA 125 10 500 40
LESOTHO 50 7 300 42
SWAZILAND 30 5 200 33

ALL SADCC 10,605 43 62,450 210

12 Source South African Destabilization: The Economic Cost of Frontline Resistance to Apartheid, UN
Inter-Agency Task Force/UN Economic Commission for Africa 1989. National data and preliminary
1988 GDP estimates.

Box 1.1

The Tanzania­Zambia Railway, a weapon of freedom …

The Tazara railway runs between Zambia’s mineral belt and the port of Dar es Salaam in
the United Republic of Tanzania, a distance of 1870 kilometres, and was constructed over
a period of five years with support of the People’s Republic of China. The President of
Tanzania Mwalimu Julius Nyerere spoke at the official handover of the railway at Kapiri
Mposhi in Zambia on 14 July 1976.
“…First, it provides a vital route to the sea for Zambia, through its North­Eastern
areas; and it links important and underdeveloped parts of Tanzania, including the
whole Rufiji Basin Valley, with Dar es Salaam port and the rest of the country.
“Second, this railway will make a vital contribution to African unity. It will greatly
facilitate trade between our two countries, and eventually, between Eastern and
Southern Africa as a whole. ...
“Third, the railway will be simultaneously, and automatically, helping the peoples
of this part of Africa to play their part in the struggle for African liberation. For, it will
strengthen our two countries; and both Tanzania and Zambia are committed to using
their strength in support of total liberation of our continent. ... We would prefer to
win freedom by peaceful means; but, when it is not possible, Africa is committed to
giving full support to an armed struggle by the peoples of the oppressed territories.
...“This railway, whose completion we are celebrating today, is not unconnected
with the liberation struggle in Southern Africa; it is a weapon of freedom, for Zambia
and for Tanzania, and therefore, for Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa.”