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3.4.4 SADC Executive Secretaries and Deputies
The Executive Secretaries and Deputy Executive Secretaries who have led the SADC
Secretariat since its formation in 1980 are shown in the Table 3.4 with profiles below.

SADC Executive Secretaries and Deputies Table 3.5

ExecutiveSecretary Term Country
Ambassador Frederick Arthur Blumeris 1982­1984 Zimbabwe
Dr. Simba Makoni 1984­1993 Zimbabwe
Dr. Kaire Mbuende 1993­1999 Namibia
Dr. Prega Ramsamy* 2001­2005 Mauritius
Dr. Tomaz Augusto Salomão 2005­2013 Mozambique
Dr. Stergomena Lawrence Tax 2013­ 2021 United Republic of Tanzania

Deputy Executive Secretary

Mr. Lengolo Bureng Monyake 1994­1998 Lesotho
Ambassador Albert M. Muchanga 2001­2005 Zambia
Eng. João Samuel Caholo 2005­2013 Angola
Ms. Emilie Ayaza Mushobekwa 2010­ 2018 Democratic Republic of Congo
Dr. Thembinkosi Mhlongo 2013­2021 South Africa
Ambassador Joseph Nourrice 2018­2022 Seychelles
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* Dr. Prega Ramsamy was Acting Executive Secretary from January 2000 to March 2001

AMBASSADOR FREDERICK ARTHUR BLUMERIS
Ambassador Frederick Arthur Blumeris was the first Executive Secretary of SADCC and
served from October 1982 to March 1984. Prior to his appointment, he was Zimbabwe’s
Ambassador to the then European Economic Community. His contribution was important
during the formative years of the organization in establishing the initial SADCC structures
for the Secretariat although he served for only a short period before falling ill, and he was
widely respected by governments, colleagues and partners.

DR SIMBA MAKONI
Dr. Simba Makoni was appointed SADC Executive Secretary in July 1984 and served until
December 1993. Dr. Makoni was in charge of the Secretariat through the remaining years
of SADCC and during the transformation from a Coordination Conference into a Com-
munity in 1992 when SADC leaders signed the Windhoek Declaration and the new SADC
Treaty, as well as a Protocol committing Member States to deeper and more formal coop-
eration and integration. He steered SADCC through the turbulent years of apartheid de-
stabilisation of the region, and through the attainment of independence in Namibia,
leaving just prior to change in South Africa. He coordinated the period of a decentralised
structure when individual Member States had regional responsibilities by sector, and he
commemorated the 10th anniversary in 1990 by relocating the Secretariat from scattered
offices into the first headquarters, the former SADCC House, a building owned by the
Government of Botswana. Before joining SADC, Dr. Makoni was Minister of Industry
and Energy Development in Zimbabwe.

Dr Kaire Mbuende
Dr. Kaire Mbuende was Executive Secretary from January 1994 to the end of 1999. He
was at the helm of the Secretariat during the crucial period in the history of SADC when
South Africa joined the organisation, as well as Mauritius, Seychelles and DRC, and new